This book examines Germany’s evolving role as both a destination and a policymaker in European migration. In the 1990s and early 2000s, Germany faced pressing economic and demographic needs for immigrants, even as public debate and political gridlock slowed comprehensive reform. The historic 2001 commission on immigration, led by Rita Süssmuth, marked a turning point by declaring that “Germany needs immigrants,” and recommending a shift to a managed migration system, including a points-based approach and the creation of a Federal Office for Immigration and Integration. These proposals sparked intense debate between progressive and conservative forces, ultimately leading to Germany’s first comprehensive immigration law, which came into force in 2005 and streamlined residence permits, opened pathways for skilled workers, and improved integration measures.

The book also explores Germany’s adaptation to EU-driven migration policies, such as the free movement of people, harmonization of asylum procedures, and the influence of EU directives on national law. It discusses the impact of the “guest worker” legacy, the integration of large Turkish and other foreign communities, and the gradual shift from restrictive to more open, albeit still contested, migration policies. The analysis extends to Germany’s role in responding to the migration challenges of EU enlargement and the evolving Common European Asylum System.