The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, adopted in 1961 and now ratified by nearly every country, provides the legal framework for diplomatic interactions between sovereign states.Its primary aim is to facilitate friendly relations by establishing clear rules for the conduct of diplomats, the inviolability of embassies, and the principle of diplomatic immunity—ensuring that diplomats can perform their duties without interference, coercion, or harassment by host states. Denza’s commentary delves into the Convention’s background in customary international law, its negotiating history, and the subsequent practice of states and courts in resolving ambiguities and adapting to new challenges.

The book systematically analyzes each article of the Convention, explaining the rationale behind key provisions such as the immunity of diplomatic agents from criminal, civil, and administrative jurisdiction, the protection of diplomatic premises, and the duties of diplomats not to interfere in the internal affairs of the receiving state. Denza also addresses contentious issues, including the abuse of diplomatic privileges, the balancing of immunity with access to justice, and the evolving responsibilities of diplomats in the context of human rights and global crises.